Tetrodotoxin

Other names: TTX

Product Code: Asc-054

Purity: >98%

(1972) Pharmacology of tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin. Fed.Proc. 31:1117 abstract

(1994) Recent advances in the study of mechanism of action of marine neurotoxins. Neurotoxicol. 15:545 abstract

Neurotoxins that act on voltage-sensitive sodium channels in excitable membranes. abstract

Milstein et al. (2007) TARP subtypes differentially and dose-dependently control synaptic AMPA receptor gating. Neuron. 55: 905-18. abstract

Trigo et al. (2007) Enhancement of GABA release through endogenous activation of axonal GABA(A) receptors in juvenile cerebellum. J Neurosci. 27:12452-63. abstract

Synaptic inhibition of Purkinje cells mediates consolidation of vestibulo-cerebellar motor learning. abstract

Synaptic signaling by mGluR1 and TRPC3 in spiny dendrites of cerebellar Purkinje cells abstract

Activity of adenosine receptors type 1 Is required for CX3CL1-mediated neuroprotection and neuromodulation in hippocampal neurons abstract

Autonomous initiation and propagation of action potentials in neurons of the subthalamic nucleus abstract

AMPA receptor incorporation into synapses during LTP: the role of lateral movement and exocytosis abstract

Axon Initial Segment Ca< sup> 2+ Channels Influence Action Potential Generation and Timing abstract

Nuclear factor of activated T-cells isoform c4 (NFATc4/NFAT3) as a mediator of antiapoptotic transcription in NMDA receptor-stimulated cortical neurons abstract

KCNQ-encoded channels regulate Na+ transport across H441 lung epithelial cells abstract

Alzheimer's β-Amyloid-Induced Depolarization of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: Implications for Motor Dysfunctions in Dementia abstract

Excitability and synaptic communication within the oligodendrocyte lineage abstract

Homeostatic scaling requires group I mGluR activation mediated by Homer1a abstract

Narp regulates homeostatic scaling of excitatory synapses on parvalbumin-expressing interneurons abstract

Cysteine string protein-α prevents activity-dependent degeneration in GABAergic synapses abstract

Synaptic localization and activity of ADAM10 regulate excitatory synapses through N-cadherin cleavage abstract

Role of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids as autocrine metabolites in glutamate-mediated K+ signaling in perivascular astrocytes abstract

Muscle-derived collagen XIII regulates maturation of the skeletal neuromuscular junction abstract

Adenosine inhibits paraventricular pre‐sympathetic neurons through ATP‐dependent potassium channels abstract

Pre‐synaptic nicotinic receptors evoke endogenous glutamate and aspartate release from hippocampal synaptosomes by way of distinct coupling mechanisms abstract

Biosensor measurement of purine release from cerebellar cultures and slices abstract

Modulation of voltage-gated ion channels in rat retinal ganglion cells mediated by somatostatin receptor subtype 4 abstract

High purity human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: electrophysiological properties of action potentials and ionic currents abstract

Depolarizing actions of GABA in immature neurons depend neither on ketone bodies nor on pyruvate abstract

Monoallelic deletion of the microRNA biogenesis gene Dgcr8 produces deficits in the development of excitatory synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex abstract

Multiple targets of μ-opioid receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition at primary afferent Aδ-and C-fibers abstract

NMDA receptor signaling in oligodendrocyte progenitors is not required for oligodendrogenesis and myelination abstract

Compartmentalized versus global synaptic plasticity on dendrites controlled by experience abstract

State‐dependent changes in astrocyte regulation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signalling in neurosecretory neurons abstract

Cav1. 3 calcium channels are required for normal development of the auditory brainstem abstract

Presynaptic nicotinic α7 and non-α7 receptors stimulate endogenous GABA release from rat hippocampal synaptosomes through two mechanisms of action abstract

Endogenous peptide YY and neuropeptide Y inhibit colonic ion transport, contractility and transit differentially via Y1 and Y2 receptors abstract

Increased presynaptic and postsynaptic α2-adrenoceptor activity in the spinal dorsal horn in painful diabetic neuropathy abstract

N-cofilin can compensate for the loss of ADF in excitatory synapses abstract

Prolactin induces a hyperpolarising current in rat paraventricular oxytocinergic neurones abstract

Consolidation of remote fear memories involves corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor type 1-mediated enhancement of AMPA receptor GluR1 signaling in … abstract

Aberrant GABAA Receptor-Mediated Inhibition in Cortico-Thalamic Networks of Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficient Mice abstract

Gender-specific mechanism of synaptic impairment and its prevention by GCSF in a mouse model of ALS abstract

Rapid and reversible formation of spine head filopodia in response to muscarinic receptor activation in CA1 pyramidal cells abstract

Prolonged exposure to NMDAR antagonist induces cell-type specific changes of glutamatergic receptors in rat prefrontal cortex abstract

Mitochondrial uncoupling agents antagonize rotenone actions in rat substantia nigra dopamine neurons abstract

Purinergic signaling in the cerebellum: Bergmann glial cells express functional ionotropic P2X7 receptors abstract

Essential role for vav Guanine nucleotide exchange factors in brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced dendritic spine growth and synapse plasticity abstract

Activation of glutamate transport evokes rapid glutamine release from perisynaptic astrocytes abstract

Ca< sub> V 1 and Ca< sub> V 2 Channels Engage Distinct Modes of Ca< sup> 2+ Signaling to Control CREB-Dependent Gene Expression abstract

Augmentation by escitalopram, but not citalopram or R‐citalopram, of the effects of low‐dose risperidone: Behavioral, biochemical, and electrophysiological evidence abstract

Glutamatergic input-output properties of thalamic astrocytes abstract

Development of synaptic connectivity onto interneurons in stratum radiatum in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus abstract

Preserved morphology and physiology of excitatory synapses in profilin1-deficient mice abstract

An improved competitive inhibition enzymatic immunoassay method for tetrodotoxin quantification abstract

Conditional RARα knockout mice reveal acute requirement for retinoic acid and RARα in homeostatic plasticity abstract

Status epilepticus induces a particular microglial activation state characterized by enhanced purinergic signaling abstract

Cellular mechanisms underlying burst firing in substantia nigra dopamine neurons abstract

Directing astroglia from the cerebral cortex into subtype specific functional neurons abstract

Glutamate‐mediated astrocyte‐to‐neuron signalling in the rat dorsal horn abstract

Simulated ischaemia induces Ca2+-independent glutamatergic vesicle release through actin filament depolymerization in area CA1 of the hippocampus abstract

Young age and low temperature, but not female gender delay ATP loss and glutamate release, and protect Purkinje cells during simulated ischemia in cerebellar … abstract

Nerve terminal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors initiate quantal GABA release from perisomatic interneurons by activating axonal T-type (Cav3) Ca2+ channels and … abstract

Ribbon synapses compute temporal contrast and encode luminance in retinal rod bipolar cells abstract

Activity-dependent cleavage of the K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 mediated by calcium-activated protease calpain abstract

Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase unmasks CB1 receptor and TRPV1 channel‐mediated modulation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in midbrain … abstract

The dynamics of single spike-evoked adenosine release in the cerebellum abstract

Enhancement of CA3 hippocampal network activity by activation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors abstract

Deletion of Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (CD73) Reveals Direct Action Potential-Dependent Adenosine Release abstract

Tuning of synaptic integration in the medial entorhinal cortex to the organization of grid cell firing fields abstract

Role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal CA1 oriens-lacunosum moleculare interneurons abstract

An excitatory loop with astrocytes contributes to drive neurons to seizure threshold abstract

Selective participation of somatodendritic HCN channels in inhibitory but not excitatory synaptic integration in neurons of the subthalamic nucleus abstract

Activation of Functional α7-Containing nAChRs in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons by Physiological Levels of Choline in the Presence of PNU-120596 abstract

Physiological Concentrations of Choline Activate Native α7-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Presence of PNU-120596 [1-(5-Chloro-2, 4- … abstract

Differential effects of Na+–K+ ATPase blockade on cortical layer V neurons abstract

Neuronal network formation from reprogrammed early postnatal rat cortical glial cells abstract

Bidirectional plasticity of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in oligodendrocyte lineage cells abstract

Protein kinase CK2 increases glutamatergic input in the hypothalamus and sympathetic vasomotor tone in hypertension abstract

Cholecystokinin exerts an effect via the endocannabinoid system to inhibit GABAergic transmission in midbrain periaqueductal gray abstract

Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia (DISC1) Functions Presynaptically at Glutamatergic Synapses abstract

Switch to glutamate receptor 2-lacking AMPA receptors increases neuronal excitability in hypothalamus and sympathetic drive in hypertension abstract

P2Y 1 receptor activation by photolysis of caged ATP enhances neuronal network activity in the developing olfactory bulb abstract

N‐arachidonyl‐glycine modulates synaptic transmission in superficial dorsal horn abstract

Indirect modulation of neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in the hippocampus by activation of proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 abstract

Excitatory modulation in the cochlear nucleus through group I metabotropic glutamate receptor activation abstract

Mixed inhibitory synaptic balance correlates with glutamatergic synaptic phenotype in cerebellar unipolar brush cells abstract

Astrocyte signaling controls spike timing-dependent depression at neocortical synapses abstract

• Desiccate at -20°C
• MW 319.27
• Soluble in pH 4.8 citrate buffer to 100 mM
• C₁₁H₁₇N₃O₈
• 4368-28-9